Firefox enjoys many of the same content-blocking options as Chrome. The following can be found in the regular privacy settings (about:preferences#privacy):

cookies / site data;
trackers,
location tracking,
camera and microphone,
notifications,
popups and autoplay sound All of these include exception lists. The list is strictly practical, and lacks certain important types of content, some long included in Chrome:
images,
JavaScript,
autoplaying video. While fewer users may want to restrict these key site components, the need arises. All can be handled to varying degrees in Firefox’s about:config,

Images

A search for “image” turns up permissions.default.image

1: Allow all images to load (default)
2: Block all
3: Block third-party images (a valuable equivalent to blocking 3rd-party cookies).

JavaScript

Globally, JavaScript can be disabled by changing javascript.enabled to false. The lack of built-in site-by-site settings has been discussed and is mostly addressed with extensions.

Autoplay video

This turns up in the “media” class. Disabling autoplay can involve changing several settings:

By default, media.autoplay.default = 0 (allow). Changing to 1 will block and 2 will require user permission.
Of course, there’s more to it. If you select 2, set media.autoplay.ask-permission to true to enable the prompts, and media.autoplay.enabled.user-gestures-needed to true to require a click or other “gesture” for a video to start.